What is meant by the term sustainable development How has this concept Essay

What is implied by the term economical improvement How has this idea added to the enhancement of ecological debasement - Essay Example As a rule, human needs should be met and financial development must be supported keeping unblemished the accessible normal assets and ecological uprightness (Willers, 1994, p. 1147). Necessities of both biological equalization and prudent improvement must be fulfilled. These conditions would be continuing on forever or for an extensive stretch. Hierarchial the executives of manageable improvement is fundamental and it must have the option to bring about the basic execution of primary necessities, fulfilling the different interests. It is basic to defeat the natural contamination and its impact in irritating the biological circumstance which is a worldwide issue (Ougolnitsky, 2009, p. 428). The idea of hierarchial controlled powerful administration gets the opportunities of giving better choices. The three constituents of hierarchial the board are the authoritative, monetary and mental. Private interests of associations, focusing on transient interests, crash into the target methodologies of the worldwide framework (Ougolnitsky, 2009, p. 429). . This complexity in thoughts should be explained by the hierarchial the executives which would be advised to be a two level administration. The individual interests ought to be facilitated into a typical gathering of interests with regular goals. Various techniques are utilized in the administration: impulse, impulsion and conviction (Ougolnitsky, 2009, p. 431). Impulse is the point at which a member is compelled to embrace or acknowledge a typical intrigue or goal. Impulsion is the point at which the member is offered the chances or financially beneficial foundation to advance the regular interests. The two levels have regular interests and both are similarly dedicated in conviction. Impulse is a wasteful technique to create a joined exertion. Deliberate collaboration is clear in conviction which is really a mental methodology and the best in the feasible turn of events (Ougolnitsky, 2009, p. 432). The

Death Penalty essay Essays

Capital punishment exposition Essays Capital punishment exposition Essay Capital punishment exposition Essay Exposition Topic: Capital punishment Studies show that capital punishment is an in-powerful impediment of wrongdoing and is a financial weight to citizens, districts, and states. The primary issues of this exposition are whether capital punishment is truth be told, an obstruction of wrongdoing, and if the weight of the expense related with capital punishment merits the requital. As Mahatma Ghandi stated, tit for tat leaves every one of us dazzle. The death penalty is the condemning of indicted crooks to death. It is an exceptionally disputable and begging to be proven wrong theme. This is an issue that keeps numerous individuals, for the most part lawmakers, hurling and turning around evening time. Is it moral? Is it an obstacle of wrongdoing? Is it worth the cash we spend on capital punishment cases? There are a wealth of studies, articles, contentions, and suppositions both for and against capital punishment. This paper will take a gander at the contentions, and show that capital punishment is definitely not an exceptionally viable impediment of wrongdoing, and it will likewise show that it isn't financially Justified. Capital punishment goes back a huge number of years, however it in the United States it has become a point that is questionable. There have been numerous legitimate difficulties in the previous fifty years, testing the profound quality of the executions. In 1967 a ban was set on capital punishment after the Supreme Courts finding that it was self-assertive and whimsical and that it damaged the eighth Amendment. (The death penalty, 2013). It wasnt a decision that capital punishment itself was unlawful, yet that the laws as composed were coldblooded and strange discipline. States composed new laws, and in 1977 executions continued. The main execution after the ban was in Utah, demise by terminating crew. Discouragement, in the attitude of capital punishment supporters, is the conviction that crooks or would be hoodlums dread passing more than all else. Judge Robert E. Crowe expressed It is the certainty of capital punishment which ingrains dread into the core of each killer, and it is the dread of discipline which ensures society. (Crowe, 1925, para3). A review of driving criminologists by Radelet Lacock (2009), indicated that an amazing 88% didn't concur that capital punishment is a hindrance of wrongdoing. They accept that an abolishment on capital punishment would not bring about any huge ascent in crime percentages. Most of law implementation overviewed accepts the death penalty doesn't deflect savage wrongdoing. (Ralelet Lacock, 2009). Another overview of police boss expresses that they rank capital punishment most minimal on approaches to hinder wrongdoing. They accept that an expansion in law implementation and bringing down medication misuse are the most ideal approaches to lessen brutality. In spite of the fact that there are numerous investigations expressing that capital punishment is an obstruction of wrongdoing, The National Research Council (2012) presumed that the examinations on the impact of homicide rates and capital punishment were truly defective. They indicated that the examinations didnt consider the impacts of non capital disciplines, and utilized deficient or unrealistic models. They discovered three basic blemishes: 1) The investigations didn't factor in the impacts of non-capital disciplines that might be forced. 2) The investigations utilized imcomplete or impossible models of potential killers view of and reactions to the utilization of the death penalty. 3) Estimates of the impact of the death penalty depend on factual models that make suspicions that are not trustworthy. (The National Research Council, 2012). of hoodlums. He accepts that killers dont think about capital punishment as an explanation not to slaughter. Individuals who are examining murder don't plunk down and gauge the results. He trusts it is a whimsical and imperfect procedure which ought to be stopped. The choice on whether a litigant gets capital punishment is reliant on such a large number of factors: The caution of the examiner, the skill of the protection lawyers, the cosmetics of the Jury, and the disposition of the Judge and requests court. Further research shows that most homicides are submitted in the warmth of energy, affected by medications or liquor, or on the grounds that ofa dysfunctional behavior. During the demonstration of perpetrating murder, lawbreakers don't hope to be gotten and there is little idea being given to the outcomes of the activity. In any event, when a homicide is planned, the criminal concentrates more on getting away from capture, identification, or conviction. (saroktn, 2011). The ACLUs position on capital punishment (2012) is that it disregards a protected restriction on merciless and strange discipline and the assurances of fair treatment. They accept that states ought not give themselves the option to murder, particularly with intention and festivity. They trust it is out of line since it is dependant of the competency of the lawyers, how much cash the respondent has, the race of the person in question, and where the wrongdoing happens. (ACLU 2012) The death penalty in the United States is bizarre in light of the fact that it is the main western industrialized country that participates in the training. It is likewise unordinary in light of the fact that solitary a little level of indicted executioners are condemned to death. The manslaughter rate in the United States is multiple times higher than any western European region. This is stunning because of the way that the United States is the main district with capital punishment. Presently there are eighteen states without capital punishment. In President Jimmy Carters article Show Death Penalty the Door (2012), he gives measurements on tates capital punishment versus tates without capital punishment. The paces of murders are higher in states with capital punishment. Take North and South Dakota for instance: Both of these states are fundamentally the same as in populace, culture, and locale. North Dakota doesn't have capital punishment and South Dakota does. There are increasingl y capital violations in South Dakota. As per the Department of Justice (FBI Uniform Crime Report, 2012), the national homicide rate was about the equivalent in 2011 as in 2012. The Northeast area of the United States, the locale with the least executions, had the most minimal homicide ate of some other district. The homicide rate in the upper east likewise diminishes 3. 4%. The southern area, the district with the most noteworthy execution rate, again had the most noteworthy homicide rates. Six of the nine states with the least homicide rate are states without capital punishment. Equity Bryon White, (Furman v. Georgia), noticed that when just a little segment of people who submit murder are executed, capital punishment is illegally unreasonable. The exercises of Furman frequent present day real factors in many states since it is utilized so once in a while as to resist the rationale of prevention. 972) When gauging the all the hindering realities, capital punishment doesn't bode well for our nation. While taking a gander at the monetary factors and expenses of capital punishment, the closures don't Justify The expense of capital punishment is unquestionably more costly than the expense of life in jail. Previous District Attorney, Sterling Goodspeed, expressed miou can house crooks in the Wal dorf Hotel for sixty to seventy years and feed them three dinners per day less expensive than we can dispute a solitary capital punishment case. An investigation by the National Bureau of Economic Research show that the weight put n citizens because of capital homicide allegations is an immense weight to districts. These preliminaries cost so much that slices in the financial plan must be made somewhere else. States and provinces could spare millions by dispensing with these preliminaries. (Baicker, 2012). Insights show that the expense is such a great amount of higher for an assortment of reasons. These costly preliminaries need extraordinary safeguard groups represent considerable authority in capital punishment cases. The expense of security, claim to fame witnesses and DNA testing are Just a portion of the colossal costs these preliminaries bring about. A large number of the countrys driving law authorization staff, criminologists, Judges nd others accept that the assets that are placed into these amazingly costly preliminaries ought to be diverted somewhere else. The cash could be spent on improving the network and avoidance programs. (Kondavic, 2012). Research shows that individuals who go to Early Childhood programs are more averse to perpetrate wrongdoings. Secondary school programs that help in danger youth arrive at graduation likewise assists with decreasing wrongdoing. These projects could profit by the extra assets that capital homicide cases absorb. (Equivalent Justice USA,2013). Group avoidance programs and psychological well-being administrations will likewise help lessen riminal action. Offering these types of assistance to Juveniles lessens their likelihood of being captured. It has been said that if the culprits in the numerous ongoing acts of mass violence would have been offered these administrations, a ton of injury and gore could have been kept away from. Treatment has effectively decreased wrongdoing, detainment, and recidivism. Most law implementation authorities concur that assets to support the people in question and their families are required. These assets could pay for despondency advising, grants, clinical costs, and crisis reserves. Since the utilization of DNA testing more than ne-hundred thirty individuals have been absolved from death row. Presently the courts are being overflowed with costly interests and DNA testing. Not exclusively would getting rid of capital punishment ease the court frameworks and set aside cash, however it will guarantee that no guiltless man or lady ever be wrongly executed. (Related Press, 2009) Research and proof show that putting a ban on capital punishment for good would be better for citizens and the entirety of this countrys networks. It would likewise guarantee that no honest individual will ever be sentenced to death. The obstruction entertainer and the financial factor are verification enough, however there is consistently t

One-Sitting Reads from Every Genre Fall into Fall Readathon

One-Sitting Reads from Every Genre Fall into Fall Readathon Our Fall into Fall Readathon is sponsored by  Swoon Reads  â€" publishing the latest and greatest in YA fiction recommended by readers like you. See all the readathon posts  here. You’ve got the power to get books published!  Swoon Reads  publishes the latest and greatest young adult fiction recommended by readers like you. From heroic epics, to alien adventures, to all-the-feels romanceâ€"if you’re loving it, we’ll publish it. Readers who sign up for Swoon Reads or download the app get unlimited access to the latest and greatest unpublished manuscripts. You can rate, comment on, and share your favorites. Then, Swoon Reads uses your feedback to help decide which get made into real, ink-on-paper books. The best part is it’s all completely free. So, come lit with us! When I sat down to compile this list of one-sitting reads from every genre, I immediately began to panic. How many genres are there? WHAT COUNTS AS A GENRE? I calmed down, picked 30 genres and sub-genres to focus on, and found you a selection of books that are under 300 pages† according to Goodreads and are all extremely readable.   †there are two books over 300 pages on the list, and I read each of them in a single sitting. It can be done! A * next to a title denotes that it is part of a series. Nonfiction We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie This 52-page manifesto is taken from Adichies TED Talk on the subject. (Please note that Adichie has made some trans-exclusionary comments about feminism that I do not stand by; however, they do not appear in this text.) Craft This Thing of Paper by Karie Westerman Although this is classified as a knitting pattern book (and it does indeed contain 11 gorgeous knitting patterns), Ive included it because it contains essays about the history of the printed word and its ties to knitting. 141 pages. (Available digitally at Ravelry.com if Amazon is out of stock.) Memoir Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates Written as a letter to his son, Coates attempts to answer the questions: What is it like to inhabit a black body and find a way to live within it? And how can we all honestly reckon with this fraught history and free ourselves from its burden? 152 pages. Classic The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Is a 1970 novel old enough to qualify as a classic? It is when its Toni Morrisons debut and I am writing the list. Pecola Breedlove prays every day to be beautiful, replacing her dark skin and brown eyes with blonde hair and blue eyes. 216 pages. Literary Fiction The Vegetarian by Han Kang Yeong-hye takes control of her destiny by denouncing meat, hoping to purge her mind of brutal dreams. Her husband, sister, and brother-in-law all try to assert their will on her. 188 pages. Gothic Horror We Have Always Lived In The Castle by Shirley Jackson Merricat, Constance, and Uncle Julian have lived in exile since the rest of their family died and Constance was cleared of their murder. Now Cousin Charles is trying to insert himself into their lives. 213 pages. Noir Queenpin by Megan Abbott A young woman bookkeeper finds her way into the Las Vegas mob and under the wing of the infamous Gloria Denton. 180 pages. Decopunk The Night Train* by Evelyn Archer Modesty Brown has a new name, a new identity, a new job as a typist for Jack Wonderly, and is on the way to The City via the Night Train. 58 pages. Middle Grade Contemporary Stef Soto, Taco Queen by Jennifer Torres Seventh grader Stef is embarrassed by Tia Perla, her familys taco truck. But when the city changes the rules for food trucks, she becomes Tia Perlas biggest champion. 176 pages. Middle Grade Fantasy The Gauntlet* by Karuna Riazi Farah and her two closest friends have to enter The Gauntlet of Blood and Sand to play a dangerous game and hopefully rescue her little brother. 298 pages. YA Contemporary Story of a Girl by Sara Zarr This quiet novel tells the story of Deanna, whose life has been defined for three years by the time she got caught having sex with her brothers friend. 192 pages. YA Historical The Pearl Thief* by Elizabeth Wein This prequel to Code Name Verity allows us to see Julie at 15, recovering from a head injury and trying to find a missing family heirloom. 326 pages. YA Fantasy Magonia* by Maria Dahvana Headley Aza is sick, and when she sees a ship in the sky, everyone thinks its a hallucination. But she is sure its real. 309 pages. Historical Fantasy River of Teeth* by Sarah Gailey Hippo-riding cowboy outlaws. A heist. WHAT MORE COULD YOU WANT. 114 pages. Epic Fantasy Throne of the Crescent Moon by Saladin Ahmed A power struggle. A master thief. And a plot for the Throne of the Crescent Moon that threatens to turn the great city of Dhamsawwaat, and the world itself, into a blood-soaked ruin. 285 pages. Portal Fantasy Every Heart a Doorway by Seanan McGuire What happens to the children whove been to other worlds after they come back? Some of them go to Eleanor Wests Home for Wayward Children. 169 pages. Fairytale Tress by Larissa Brown Tess longs to live in a fairytale. But what happens when she finds herself in one? 80 pages. Magical Realism Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel Titas tears were formed in the womb, and her cooking is the way she communicates her love to the man she cannot be withâ€"her sisters husband. 221 pages. Science Fiction Binti* by Nnedi Okorafor Binti is the first of the Himba people ever to be offered a place at Oomza University, but going means leaving her family and traveling to another planet where no one understands her people. 96 pages. Space Opera Nova by Samuel R. Delaney Lorq von Ray assembles a crew to fly through an imploded sun to gather Illyrion, the element needed for space travel. What the crew doesnt know is he is on a quest for revenge. 241 pages. Historical Science Fiction Kindred by Octavia Butler Dana is repeatedly pulled back in time to a slave plantation, where her actions will affect her own future. 287 pages. Dystopian Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro Three adults reunite and look at their shared past in an exclusive boarding school where their special gifts were emphasized. 288 pages. Horror Her Body and Other Parties by Carmen Maria Machado I debated whether to list this under horror or short stories and decided short stories is not a genre. This book is 248 pages packed full of horror stories, and if you dont want to read it in one sitting, the stories would be a great way to break up your other reads. Contemporary Romance Knit One, Girl Two by Shira Glassman At 68 pages, this is one of the shortest books on this list. It is an ADORABLY sweet F/F romance. Contemporary Romance Calling Her Bluff by Kaia Danielle This extremely steamy M/F romance packs a LOT into its 92 pages. YA Romance Boy Meets Boy by David Levithan Boy meets boy, boy messes up, boy tries to win boy back in this M/M young adult romance. 185 pages. Historical Romance Homecoming by Beverly Jenkins This second chance romance between a woman and a soldier in 1883 is set at the holidays for extra swoon factor. 78 pages. Fantasy Romance The Magpie Lord by K.J. Charles A lord in exile returns and hires a magician who hates him to protect him from his familys enemies. Sparks fly in this M/M fantasy romance. 222 pages. Graphic Novel (YA) Nimona by Noelle Stevenson Nimona is the young shapeshifter sidekick to super villain Lord Ballister Blackheart, and together they are going to take down Sir Ambrosius Goldenloin and his buddies at the Institution of Law Enforcement and Heroics. 266 pages. Graphic Novel (MG) Roller Girl by Victoria Jamieson Astrid goes to roller derby camp, where she worries about losing her best friend, making new friends, dyeing her hair without her mother murdering her, and getting to skate as a jammer in the upcoming bout. 240 pages. Whatever genre you choose to read in, the options are tremendous. Happy reading! Also In This Story Stream Fall into Fall Readathon Wrap-up Fall into Fall Readathon Day Five: Read Readthon Giveaway: Kindle Fire Cozy Cookbooks for Fall: Fall into Fall Readathon Fall into Fall Readathon Day Four: Get Thee To the Library Readathon Giveaway: Book Riot Library Prize Pack Comparing Overdrive, Libby, Hoopla, 3M: Fall into Fall Readathon 7 Childhood Faves That Hold Up (And Are At Your Library): Fall into Fall Readathon Fall into Fall Readathon Day Three: Set Up Your Fall Reading Space Readathon Giveaway: Cacoon Chair Tips for Maximum Fall Reading Coziness: Fall into Fall Readathon Cozy Fall Bookish Items: Fall into Fall Readathon Fall into Fall Readathon Day Two: Create Your Fall TBR Readathon Giveaway: 6-Month Membership to Audible View all fallreadathon2018 posts-->

What Identity `` Meaning `` By Langston Hughes - 2638 Words

What â€Å"Identity† Means In The Poems of Langston Hughes Before I explain my take on what identity means in Langston Hughes works, I would like explain a little about a man who happened to be one of the most recognizable names in African- American literature, and the struggle he faced – as a writer and mostly as an African American. A brief glimpse into our darkest days (in American history of slavery) and description of his life and about him will help elucidate the background, and his style of writing. Jordan stated African Americans journey and identity in the Americans started on the wrong no â€Å"Over a period of more than three centuries, in the slave ships of the Middle Passage and the plantations of the American South, peoples from many nations of what is now called West and Central Africa, brought together under conditions of extreme brutality, reinvented themselves as one people and they renamed themselves ‘African’, ‘Coloured People’ and ‘Negro’. Later, from end of the nineteenth c entury to the first few decades of the twentieth century, mostly in northern urban centres of the USA, the descendants of the slaves reinvented themselves again, this time as the ‘New Negro’†(848-891). Langston Hughes was born in the early 1900s, in the deeply segregated area of Joplin, Missouri - once a southern confederate state. The foundation of social injustice, which ultimately shaped Hughes’s works and his won identity was based on what he witnessed in the south as a youth, â€Å"SothernShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Theme For English B785 Words   |  4 PagesTheme for English B by Langston Hughes A â€Å"Theme for English B† is a poem written by Langston Hughes, in 1949 during the Harlem Renaissance. In his poem Langston Hughes was able to raise the question to anyone who was struggling to find his or hers identity, I was able to relate towards the poem because I too struggle with my identity and what my goals are in life. Hughes was also able to express that two people can learn from each other no matter their race or gender, by trying to relate to hisRead MoreLangston Hughes : African American Poetry1305 Words   |  6 PagesLangston Hughes: African American Poetry Langston Hughes grew up in a time of segregation, as a African American man living during the Civil Rights movement. During this time Langston wrote poetry from this point of view as a African American. Langston Hughes poetry is important due to his content, imagery, and voice. Through Langston’s voice he strengthened African Americans hope while opening the eyes of the white man to see what they are doing is wrong. Langston Hughes was born February 1,1902Read MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pages The beginning of the 20th century many African Americans migrated from the south to the north in what we call today, the Great Migration. Many African Americans found themselves in a district of New York City called Harlem. The area known as Harlem matured into the hideaway of jazz and the blues where the African American artist emerged calling themselves the â€Å"New Negro.† The New Negro was the cornerstone for an era known today as the Harlem Renaissance (Barksdale 23). The Harlem Renaissance warrantedRead MoreThe Black Man and Langston Hughes1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe term identity is defined by Webster’s dictionary as being â€Å"the state or fact of remaining the same one or ones, as under varying aspects or conditions† however in exploring the concept of Identity in black literature, we can find no definite explanation or defi nition. We can try to accept that it has been rooted in social situations that are generally more discriminatory, such the institution of slavery. In some way shape or form, the average or normal African American is confronted with theRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The Rebirth Of African American Arts1708 Words   |  7 Pagesmid-1930s. Some of the major writers during this time of the Harlem Renaissance were Langston Hughes, W.E.B. Du Bois, Countee Cullen, Zoe Neale Hurston, and Marcus Gravey. Lots of these themes that these writers wrote about are themes that to this day artists try to make a point of emphasis, including the American Dream, effects of racism on the black population, black identity, and human rights (Wormser). Langston Hughes seemed to be the â€Å"Father of the Harlem Renaissance†. Some of the poems that he wroteRead MoreContributions Of Langston Hughes948 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans had a chance to show what they can do, and many were interested in art music, and literature. African-Americans had amazing talents in all fields: composers, poets, journalists and artists. This gave Africa-Americans the opportunity to express themselves, their thoughts, and their talents. Langston Hughes used his talent to change the racial boundaries of the American society, and he became an important figure in the fight for equal rights. Langston Hughes wanted African- Americans to haveRead More`` Dreams `` By Langston Hughes Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesimpacted the movement against racial inequality, Langston Hughes turned the pages with inspiring work. Whereas in Langston Hughes poem Dreams encourages people to achieve ones goals and goals for a community of people no matter what the obs tacles are; Hughes illustrated this through using a lyrical style of writing and metaphors. Due to the lack of acknowledgment of African Americans cultural, social and artistic capabilities, Langston Hughes stood as the hero image for blacks everywhere. LikewiseRead More The Use of Symbols in Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers570 Words   |  3 PagesThe Use of Symbols in Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers The poem ?The Negro Speaks of Rivers? by Langston Hughes contains many symbolic meanings about the identity of African Americans. Throughout the poem Hughes uses metaphorical statements to suggest to the reader what the soul of the African American has been through. The symbols of the old rivers from which the African American ideal has risen can be interpreted in many different ways. They represent the birth and growth ofRead MoreThe Innate Genius Behind By Langston Hughes944 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes was a pioneer of African-American literature and while he wrote an abundance of short stories, essays and plays, he is most well-known for his poetry. The innate genius behind these poems was that he wrote about the everyday lives of American men and women using simple and easily relatable language to invoke a sense of grand importance that most people could understand. His poetry presents a commentary in which both races can begin to better understand one another and also critiquesRead More Struggles of African Americans in Langston Hughes’ Poems, Mother to Son and Lenox Avenue: Midnight1672 Words   |  7 PagesStruggles of African Americans in Langston Hughes’ Poems, Mother to Son and Lenox Avenue: Midnight The experiences, lessons, and conditions of one’s life provide a wellspring of inspiration for one’s creative expressions and ideas. Throughout life people encounter situations and circumstances that consequently help to mold them into individualized spirits. An individual’s personality is a reflection of his or her life. Langston Hughes, a world-renowned African American poet and self-professed

The Big Bang Theory Of God s Word - 3237 Words

As we all grow up we tend to believe what we want to believe in. If God gave us a brain to think, would going against the Bible be wrong? We have all heard the complicated question, did God make the earth in six days or did evolution play a major part in the making of earth. Many people in the older days would be judge or even killed to even think this, but as science with factual evidence develope, we are start to fit all the missing pieces together. Although is factual evidence enough to flash light in a questionable thousand year old statement, or can this these missing puzzle pieces be overlooked with believing in God’s word. This undecided question many never be answered with leaders of religion and evolutionist with the same†¦show more content†¦Radioustionomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in 1965 discovered that a cosmic microwave background (CMB) is in our space. This cosmic microwave is the leftover radiation of the Big Bang. This CMB was discovered to be 2.725 degrees Kelvin or -454 degrees Fahrenheit. When this cosmic light was released millions of years ago the temperature of it was has hot has the surface of a star and since then has stretched out, cooling it down. The Big Bang is only a theory, yet is the most popular mostly because it has many points that can be proven with evidence. After the Big Bang, gravity started to gather dust, gas and small asteroids to form the of planets including the earth. The earth was just a big ball of molten rock, nothing compared to what it is today. During this time the earth had no moon, no oxygen and also spinning on its axis four times the speed of present time. Clearly the earth was impossible to support life; much less to start to begin to form it too. It took thousand of years after the Big Bang for the earth to actually start forming. Many people believe that meteors with water crystals in them, hit earth cooling the surface off. The first eon of earth was the Haelea Eon. Which during this time, â€Å"earth may have been hellish’ claims planetary scientist Simone Marchia. Mostly because of earth always being hit by asteroids and comets, it seemed earth was on big rock in flames. Yet earth that time wasn’t all

The General Environment Free Essays

SUMMARY OF UNDERSTANDING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2: The General Environment The external environment facing the organization consists of both: a. A general environment, often referred to as the macro-environment because changes that occur here will have an effect that transcends firms and specific industries. b. We will write a custom essay sample on The General Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now A competitive environment, consists of the industry and markets in which an organization competes. In order to scan and monitor their environment, firms require tools of analysis that will allow them to factor in the changes in the general environment and evaluate their impact. One such approach involves scanning the environment to detect signals that will act as a signpost for future changes in the organization’s industry. In addition, an organization must monitor its environment to discern patterns and trends that are beginning to form and try to forecast the future direction of these trends. a. Scanning the environment Scanning, therefore, is an opportunity for the organization to detect weak signals in the general environment before these have coalesced into a discernible pattern which might affect its competitive environment. The first is that the organization may fail to identify these signals. The second is that the organization may discern a pattern that is not there but is based on the assumptions and mental models that managers carry in their heads. b. Monitoring the environment * Monitoring can be seen as the activity that follows these initially disparate signals and tracks them as they grow into more clearly discernible patterns. * Monitoring allows an organization to see how these general environment trends will impact on its competitive environment. * Monitoring uses a finer brush stroke. * There is no focus for an organization’s monitoring activities. One way in which an organization might monitor weak signals is to set thresholds such that any activity which occurs above the threshold will be monitored. c. Forecasting changes in the environment Three main types of uncertainty (Van der Heijden, 1996): * Risks: where past performance of similar events allows us to estimate the probabilities of future outcomes. * Structural uncertainties: where an event is un ique enough not to offer evidence of such probabilities. * Unknowables: where we cannot even imagine the event. Scenario planning is a disciplined method for imagining possible future. It is ‘an internally consistent view of what the future might turn out to be’ (Porter 1985, p. 446). A scenario can be seen as a challenging, plausible, and internally consistent view of what the future might turn out to be. They are not forecasts in the sense that one is able to extrapolate using past data. However, they do deal with the future and provide a tool of analysis for the organization to structure the surfeit of information that is contained in the present. In particular, scenarios help organizations recognize the weak signals that signpost changes in its environment. The benefits of scenario planning for Shell have been: More robust strategic decisions. * Better thinking about the future by a ‘stretching mental model’. * Enhancing corporate perception and recognizing events as a pattern (the recognition and monitoring of weak signals until they coalesce into a pattern is clearly important here). * Improving communication throughout the company b y providing a context for decisions. * A means to provide leadership to the organization. A process for developing scenarios is as follows: * Define the scope. This involves setting the time frame and the scope of analysis. * Identify the major stakeholders. Identify basic trends. * Identify key uncertainties. * Construct initial scenario themes. * Check for consistency and plausibility. * Develop learning scenarios. * Identify research needs. * Develop quantitative models. * Evolve towards decision scenarios. PEST Analysis * PEST analysis is simply another tool to help the organization detect and monitor those weak signals in the hope of recognizing the discontinuities or fractures shaping the environment. * PEST analysis can be used to help detect trends in the external environment that will ultimately find their way into the competitive environment. It provides a link between the general and competitive environments in that weak signals in the general environment can become key forces for change in the competitive environment. SWOT Analysis Scenario planning and PEST analysis can help to identify the external opportunities and threats (OT) facing an organization. The firm’s internal strengths and weaknesses (SW) can best be determined following an appraisal of its resources and capabilities. SWOT analysis allows an organization to assess its current strategy in light of its changing environment and to help turn potential threats into opportunities and weaknesses into strengths. A key point to keep in mind is that it is the external analysis that precedes the internal analysis of a firm’s resources and capabilities. SUMMARY OF RM-6 â€Å"Sustaining Competitive Advantage in the Global Petrochemical Industry: A Saudi Arabian Perspective† From a global perspective, the competitiveness of some firms arises from macro-economic phenomena directed by exchange rates, deficit of the national budget or interest rates (Passemard and Kleiner, 2000). Competitiveness also arises from factors other than macro-economic, such as availability of raw materials, cheaper work force or technological superiority. Porter (1980) is credited with being the pioneer in identifying factors that contribute to national advantage. Porter (1985) made valuable contributions in identifying important factors that contribute to national advantage, that is the factor conditions of a nation, such as infrastructure and the availability of resources; demand conditions in the home country; the presence or absence of related and supporting industries necessary for being competitive in the global market; the firm’s strategy, structure and rivalry with other ompanies that influence how firms are established, organised and managed; and the nature of the rivalry affects the competitive advantage of industries and nations (Porter, 1990). Saudi Arabia is well known throughout the world as a leading producer and exporter of oil. For many years prior to the 1970s, a large volume of associated gas by products which were produced in the process of crude oil production, had been flared into the atmosphere. However, in the early 1970s the Saudi Arabian government initiated a plan to utilize these precious hydrocarbon and mineral resources for the production of various petrochemicals, fertilizers, iron and steel. Saudi Arabia accounts for a little more than 5% of the world’s petrochemicals production. However, Saudi Arabia is the largest producer of MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether) with a global share of around 15%. It has also a big market share in the production of methanol (around 12%) and ethylene glycol (14%). Domestic consumption in Saudi Arabia is low, due to the small size of the market. The industry in general has therefore pursued an ‘export-orientated’ strategy, as a result of which more than 76% of its petrochemicals production is being exported. The two major markets for the Saudi petrochemical exports are the Middle Eastern and East Asian region. The strength weakness of Saudi petrochemical industry: * Strength: Low cost due to economic of scale, initial cost, feed-stock, and utilities. Presence of efficient infrastructure * Weakness: Lack of management expertise, marketing approach, product development, and technology Main issue: From those strength weaknesses above, we could see that Saudi petrochemical industry was depending on the comparative advantage rather than the support of competitive advantage to sustain in global competition. Analysis: Using Porter’s five force model above, we could analyze that: * The entry of competitors: raw materials controlled by many firms, new and high technology, large complex operational, high investment * The threat of substitutes: concerns on biochemical substitution * The argaining power of buyers: find alternative market, focus on domestic and foreign customers * The bargaining power of suppliers: change the supplier with low cost, find reasonable price and obtaining credit facilities, no substitute of aluminum alkyls high threat * The rivalry among the existing players: zero differentiation, see the competitor like SABIC, Exxon, Shell, BASF, Dow, Mitsubishi in equal size and market power oversupply Solution: * Improve human resources department to develop the technical and managerial skills of local employees * Increase the effort in marketing, distribution Penetrated global market, and research development division to modify manufacturing process which safe for environment * Increase productivity and cut loss, merge small to medium firms to strengthen capital base. Lesson learned: Based on analysis using Porter’s model, it is illustrate that Saudi petrochemical industry environment able to help other firms to formulate the strategy, not only consider to the general environment and competitor analysis but also to the Porter’s model itself. * Realize that external factors will influence the firm, directly and indirectly. The firm also has to formulate their strategy based on the external factor (which couldn’t be controlled), how to match the next action with their capacity. How to cite The General Environment, Essay examples

Romulus My Father + Ort Belonging Essay Example

Romulus My Father + Ort Belonging Essay â€Å"What are the most powerful influences that impact on an individual’s sense of belonging? Belonging is a concept of fitting in to a group, place or team. Belonging to place, identity, relationships and barriers are significant influences impacting on belonging in both the memoir Romulus, My father and a similar text in the poem Katrina by Bruce Dawe. The prescribed and related texts effectively demonstrate the importance of how integral a sense of belonging is to human existence and the impact it can have on one’s life. Belonging to place is a theme highly evident throughout the novel Romulus, My Father placing a high level of significance on Romulus and his family. Australians icons are highlighted throughout the text to put emphasis on the idea of belonging to place. â€Å"A dead red gum stood only a hundred metres from the house and became for my mother a symbol of her desolation†, the use of symbolism to represent the challenge of immigrating of Australia is effective in underlining the idea of place. This idea is a recurring motif throughout the text, the vastness of the landscape seems impersonal and uncaring to the eyes of the outsider, especially to Christine where it stood as a symbol of her isolation. * There is always a recurring notion that Raimond doesn’t belong as a child as he is constantly being moved around yet he seems to find solace at Frogmore and never worries about its deterioration even when he returns from boarding school. This is evident in his detailed description of the life at Frogmore and the greater attention paid to it over his life at St Kilda. We will write a custom essay sample on Romulus My Father + Ort Belonging specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romulus My Father + Ort Belonging specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romulus My Father + Ort Belonging specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The close attention to word choice in the line â€Å"†¦Tom lived with his wife Mary and her sister, Miss Jane Collard†, focuses on his connection with Miss Lillie. The informal language used when describing the name of Miss Lillie as Mary compared to Miss Jane highlights Raimond’s connection with Miss Lillie helped him find a connection within the life at Frogmore and in turn a sense of belonging. In Romulus, My Father, focus is placed on several different foundations for which our identity, and in turn our sense of belonging, is formed. An ndividual’s sense of self or identity is affected by his or her belonging to their community and its physical surroundings. Being an immigrant, Romulus gains recognition and respect by proving his value through hard work. Gaita uses personification in â€Å"his materials†¦seemed to be in friendship with him† to highlight the bond that exists between Romulus and his work, therefore stressing the significance of how influential identity is to his character. * * Romulus prides his identity on honesty, loyalty and respect of others. Raimond’s choice to take the aftershave, and deny any transgression, contradicts his father’s life philosophy. The rebelling of Raimond isn’t what made Romulus angry; it was the refusal to confess to his wrongdoing that infuriates him. â€Å"His anger grew till he could barely speak†. We witness a similar act where he disposes of the broken razor in the dam and denies any role in the misplacing of the razor. The use of a metaphor in â€Å"rigorous truthfulness could give a person the inner unity necessary for strength of character† is demonstrating what I perceive to be the anxiousness of Romulus that Raimond is adopting qualities of his mother. Its not until later in the novel that Raimond realises of his wrongdoing â€Å"I know what a good workman is; I know what an honest man is; I know what friendship is; I know because I remember these things in the person of my father†. * * Relationships possess great significance in Romulus, My Father. The relationship between Raimond’s parents Romulus and Christine is very fragmented, to which he describes the relationship as â€Å"intense and fraught†. The use of a metaphor in â€Å"Such was the rollercoaster of wild emotion at the time† is effective in highlighting the elevated emotional levels of the period, such as Romulus’s attempted suicide due to Christine leaving him. Christine’s infidelity is further exemplified with Gaita’s use of strong word choice in â€Å"My father must have been heartbroken by his unfathomable, troubled, vivacious†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to emphasise on the unfaithfulness Christine. * * The relationship between Raimond and his mother is another fragmented family relationship. His mother’s inability of catering to his simple needs such as feeding and bathing are factors of why the relationship is so disjointed. This is highlighted with Gaita’s word choice â€Å"†¦incapable of taking care of me, ignoring my elementary needs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the word elementary highlights the fact that the basic things in which should be found in a mother are not found in Christine and her inability to cater for Raimond and later Susan and Barbara. However Raimond feels his â€Å"mothers neglect of me was more then compensated for by her family†. * Barriers influence both Romulus and Christine to a great extent in the transition from Europe to Australia. Christine’s bad asthmatic illness leaves her with an inevitable decision, to immigrate to Australia in order to improve her health. However moving to Australia affects her health on a considerably deeper level mentally. Christine’s isolation, alienation and displacement affect her mentally to the point she can barely function. Her decline leads her to receive electric shock treatment that didn’t help in relieving her hallucinations. The use of alliteration in â€Å" †¦serious attack of asthma after she brought Raimond†¦Ã¢â‚¬  highlights the pinnacle reason for her decline and unhappy life before choosing to end it with an overdose on drugs. * When first immigrating to Australia Romulus faces the barrier of language and communication with others. This barrier prevented belonging into the new society of Australia, until Romulus returned to the camp and connected with the Romanian brothers Hora and Mitru. Gaita’s use of an aside helps the audience to connect with the story and understand difficulty for â€Å"New Australian’s† to converse without language, therefore highlighting the impact on the influences of barriers in relation to belonging. * Correspondingly in Katrina by Bruce Dawe, belonging to place as well as family is also an influence on Katrina’s sense of belonging. Her vulnerability is intensified by the common notion that she is alone in an unwelcoming environment, watched over in â€Å"Ward Fifteen† by a nameless â€Å"Nurse†. The use of Rhetorical question in â€Å"Opening again or closing finally? † further underlines Katrina’s defenselessness to â€Å"the black velvet of death threatening† against her life. The comparison is evident in the late stages of Romulus, My Father as Raimond watches as a helpless bystander o the death of his father. * * Similarly to Romulus, My father, identity is also explored with significance to belonging in Katrina. Her iden tity is clearly established as a member of the family in the beginning of the poem. The use of her first name, forces readers to accept and know her as an individual, intensifying the power of the poem. This also gives valuable insight to life as well as providing somewhat personal comfort the confronting the full situation. * * The identity of the father figure is also apparent in the poem. He struggles cope with the fact that he may lose his daughter, and in a depressed and distressed stated he aims to call to God in prayer, but is unable to do so. The personified â€Å"black velvet of death threatening† is a symbol of his helpless wait as he watches the babies struggle for survival awaiting a final outcome. The contrast between her and her twin brother’s two-month-old health figure hurts him a deeper level as it indicates the ultimate frailty of the baby. * * The parental relationships in Katrina and Romulus, My Father both greatly impact belonging; however the relationships are very different. The narrator’s love for Katrina is highlighted by the euphemism â€Å"The karate blow†, this violent image supports his claim that he is not ready to face the fact and lose the little girl. His love for Katrina is further emphasised through the use of a simile in â€Å"your life shines like a jewel†, painting an affectionate image of his value of her spirit. The relationship presents a connection to family as the daughter of two deeply distressed parents validating the importance of relationships and belonging. * * A barrier of health can be acknowledged in both the prescribed and related text. Katrina’s health is a barrier preventing life. The vulnerability of her health condition is apparent through her illness. Her â€Å"body’s wasting†, living of food through a tube and lost the ability to maintain her dummy, that It must be taped in her mouth. The metaphor â€Å"you are suspended between earth and sky† is effective in describing her position in limbo, between life and death. The repetition of this line in the end of the poem, gives it a cyclic structure, beginning and ending with the concept of being â€Å"between the earth and the sky†. The barrier of health in this circumstance is preventing Katrina from belonging to world of life, and forced between earth and heaven. * * The memoir Romulus, My father and a similar text in the poem Katrina by Bruce Dawe both effectively demonstrate the importance of how integral a sense of belonging is to human existence and the impact it can have on an individuals sense of belonging. They achieve this through focusing on influential aspects of belonging such as Belonging to place, identity, relationships and barriers. * *